CASSIOPEA ANDROMEDA AT THE SOUTHERNMOST TIP OF ITALY: A RECENT ARRIVAL OR AN OVERLOOKED RESIDENT?
OPEN ACCESS (PDF)

Keywords

jellyfish
alien species
Ionian Sea
Mediterranean
Lessepsian migrant

How to Cite

LEOTTA, P., CICCIARELLA, R., GARRANO, R., LA SPINA, E., TIBULLO, D., & TIRALONGO, F. (2025). CASSIOPEA ANDROMEDA AT THE SOUTHERNMOST TIP OF ITALY: A RECENT ARRIVAL OR AN OVERLOOKED RESIDENT?. ANNALES, SERIES HISTORIA NATURALIS, 35(2), 287–294. https://doi.org/10.19233/ASHN.2025.30

Abstract

The Lessepsian jellyfish Cassiopea andromeda is an invasive scyphozoan originating from the Red Sea and In-do-Pacific region. It was first recorded in the Mediterranean at the beginning of the 20th century and has since expanded its distribution across the basin. The main goal of this contribution is to document the first and well-doc-umented record of this jellyfish from the Portopalo di Capo Passero area, which represents the southernmost tip of Italy (Sicily, Ionian Sea). The observation, made in October 2025, provides new evidence of the species’ expansion along the Sicilian Ionian coast. This finding raises questions about whether the species is a recent colonizer or an overlooked resident and highlights the biogeographical and ecological importance of this area as a potential hotspot for the monitoring of Lessepsian and thermophilic species.

https://doi.org/10.19233/ASHN.2025.30
OPEN ACCESS (PDF)

References

Aljbour, S.M. & S. Agustí (2025): Salinity over source: Osmotic stress and metabolic plasticity in Cassiopea andromeda under desalination and runoff exposure. Regional Studies in Marine Sci-ence, 90, 104464.

Ames, C.L., A.M.L. Klompen, K. Badhiwala, K. Muffett, A.J. Reft, M. Kumar, J.D. Janssen, J.N. Schultzhaus, L.D. Field, M.E. Muroski, N. Bezio, J.T. Robinson, D.H. Leary, P. Cartwright, A.G. Collins & G.J. Vora (2020): Cassiosomes are stinging-cell structures in the mucus of the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea xamachana. Communications Biology, 3, 67.

Arossa, S., A. Barozzi, M. Callegari, S.G. Klein, A.J. Parry, S.-H. Hung, A. Steckbauer, M. Aranda, D. Daffonchio & C.M. Duarte (2021): The internal microenvironment of the symbiotic jellyfish Cassiopea sp. from the Red Sea. Fron-tiers in Marine Science, 8, 705915.

Çevik, C., İ.L. Erkol & B. Toklu (2006): A new record of an alien jellyfish from the Levantine coast of Turkey - Cassiopea andromeda (Forss-kål, 1775) [Cnidaria: Scyphozoa: Rhizostomea]. Aquatic Invasions, 1(3), 196-197.

Cillari, T., F. Andaloro & L. Castriota (2018): First documented record of Cassiopea cf andromeda (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) in Italian waters. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 59(2), 193-195.

Coll, M., C. Piroddi, J. Steenbeek, K. Kaschner, F. Ben Rais Lasram, J. Aguzzi, E. Ballesteros, C.N. Bianchi, J. Corbera, T. Dai-lianis, R. Danovaro, M. Estrada, C. Froglia, B.S. Galil, J.M. Gasol, R. Gertwagen, J. Gil, F. Guilhaumon, K. Kesner-Reyes, M.-S. Kitsos, A. Koukouras, N. Lampadariou, E. Laxamana, C.M. López-Fé de la Cuadra, H.K. Lotze, D. Martin, D. Mouillot, D. Oro, S. Raicevich, J. Rius-Barile, J.I. Saiz-Salinas, C. San Vicente, S. Somot, J. Templado, X. Turon, D. Vafidis, R. Villanueva & E. Voultsiadou (2010): Th e biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea: esti-mates, patterns, and threats. PLoS ONE, 5(8), e11842.

De Domenico, S., A. Toso, G. De Rinaldis, G. Tedesco, S. Mammone, A. Allegra, A. Spanò & F. Cammarata (2025): Wild or reared? Cassiopea andromeda jellyfish as a potential biofactory. Marine Drugs, 23, 19-23.

Deidun, A., A. Gauci, A. Sciberras & S. Pi-raino (2018): Back with a bang – an unexpected massive bloom of Cassiopea andromeda (Forskal, 1775) in the Maltese Islands, nine years after its first appearance. BioInvasions Records, 7(4), 399-404.

Djeghri, N., P. Pondaven, H. Stibor & M.N. Dawson (2019): Review of the diversity, traits, and ecology of zooxanthellate jellyfishes. Marine Biol-ogy, 166(11), 147.

Djeghri, N., P. Pondaven, F. Le Grand, A. Bide-au, N. Duquesne, M. Stockenreiter, S. Behl, J.Y.-T. Huang, T. Hansen, S. Patris, G. Ucharm & H. Stibor (2021): High trophic plasticity in the mixotrophic Mastigias papua–Symbiodiniaceae holobiont. Ma-rine Ecology Progress Series, 666, 73-88.

Fumarola, L.M., V. Leoni, G. Marchessaux, G. Sarà, S. Piraino & M. Bosch-Belmar (2025): Global warming and the spread of the introduced jellyfish Cassiopea andromeda: thermal niche and habitat suitability in the Mediterranean Sea. Global Change Biology, 31(10), e70548.

Galil, B.S., E. Spanier & W.W. Ferguson (1990): The Scyphomedusae of the Mediterranean coast of Israel, including two Lessepsian migrants new to the Mediterranean. Zoologische Mededelingen, 64, 95-105.

Gamero-Mora, E., A.G. Collins, S.R. Boco, S.M. Geson III & A.C. Morandini (2022): Revealing hidden diversity among upside-down jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae: Cassiopea): distinct evidence allows the change of status of a neglected variety and the description of a new species. Invertebrate Systematics, 36, 63-89.

Holland, B.S., M.N. Dawson, G.L. Crow & D.K. Hofmann (2004): Global phylogeography of Cassiopea (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae): molecular evidence for cryptic species and multiple invasions of the Hawaiian Islands. Marine Biology, 145, 1119-1128.

Karunarathne, K.D., S.M. Liyanaarachchi & M.D.S.T. de Croos (2020): First record of up-side-down jellyfish Cassiopea andromeda (Forskål, 1775) (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae: Cassio-peidae) from Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 25(2), 57-65.

Kleitou, P., D. Agius, S. Akalin, M. Albano, I.A. Ammar, C.M. Aydin, E. Azzurro, L. Bellomo, A. Boni-fazi, G. Capillo, F. Crocetta, I. Cvitković, A. Fortič, S. Giakoumi, D. Grech, H.B. Hasan, F. Laspina, M. Lezzi, P. Lucic, E. Mancini, W.M. Mayya, M.T. Olgüner, P. Ovalis, L. Pisani, V. Pitacco, A. Salman, L. Sandri, P. Slavinec, F. Tiralongo, F. Turano, A. Yildiz, A. Zenetos, A.H. Zieni & A. Žuljević (2025): New records of in-troduced species in the Mediterranean Sea (February 2025). Mediterranean Marine Science, 26(1), 175-198.

Katsanevakis, S., M. Coll, C. Piroddi, J. Steenbeek, F. Ben Rais Lasram, A. Zenetos & A.C. Cardoso (2014): Invading the Mediterranean Sea: biodiversity patterns shaped by human activities. Frontiers in Marine Science, 1, 32.

Katsanevakis, S., D. Poursanidis, R. Hoffman, J. Riz-galla, S.B.-S. Rothman, Y. Levitt-Barmats, L. Hadjioan-nou, D. Trkov, J.M. Garmendia, M. Rizzo, A.G. Bartolo, M. Bariche, F. Tomas, P. Kleitou, P.J. Schembri, D. Kletou, F. Tiralongo, C. Pergent, G. Pergent, E. Azzurro, M. Bi-lecenoglu, A. Lodola, E. Ballesteros, V. Gerovasileiou, M. Verlaque, A. Occhipinti-Ambrogi, E. Kytinou, T. Dailianis, J. Ferrario, F. Crocetta, C. Jimenez, J. Evans, M. Ragkou-sis, L. Lipej, J.A. Borg, C. Dimitriadis, G. Chatzigeorgiou, P.G. Albano, S. Kalogirou, H. Bazairi, F. Espinosa, J. Ben Souissi, K. Tsiamis, F. Badalamenti, J. Langeneck, P. Noel, A. Deidun, A. Marchini, G. Skouradakis, L. Royo, M. Sini, C.N. Bianchi, Y.-R. Sghaier, R. Ghanem, N. Doumpas, J. Zaouali, K. Tsirintanis, O. Papadakis, C. Morri, M.E. Çinar, J. Terrados, G. Insacco, B. Zava, E. Soufi-Kechaou, L. Piazzi, K. Ounifi Ben Amor, E. Andriotis, M.C. Gambi, M.M. Ben Amor, J. Garrabou, C. Linares, A. Fortič, M. Di-genis, E. Cebrian, M. Fourt, M. Zotou, L. Castriota, V. Di Martino, A. Rosso, C. Pipitone, M. Falautano, M. García, R. Zakhama-Sraieb, F. Khamassi, A.M. Mannino, M.H. Ktari, I. Kosma, M. Rifi, P.K. Karachle, S. Yapıcı, A.R. Bos, P. Balistreri, A.A. Ramos Esplá, J. Tempesti, O. Inglese, I. Giovos, D. Damalas, S. Benhissoune, M.F. Huseyinoglu, W. Rjiba-Bahri, J. Santamaría, M. Orlando-Bonaca, A. Izquierdo, C. Stamouli, M. Montefalcone, H. Cerim, R. Golo, S. Tsioli, S. Orfanidis, N. Michailidis, M. Gaglioti, E. Taşkın, E. Mancuso, A. Žunec, I. Cvitković, H. Filiz, R. Sanfilippo, A. Siapatis, B. Mavrič, S. Karaa, A. Türker, F. Monniot, J. Verdura, N. El Ouamari, M. Selfati & A. Zenetos (2020): Unpublished Mediterranean records of marine alien and cryptogenic species. BioInvasions Records, 9(2), 165-182.

Maas, O. (1903): Die Scyphomedusen der Siboga Expedition. Siboga Expedition 1901, 1-91.

Marambio, M., M. Pascual-Torner, U. Tilves, A. Pérez, A. Ballesteros & J.-M. Gili (2025): The western-most record of the Scyphomedusa Cassiopea androme-da (Forskål, 1775) in the Mediterranean: marine citizen science contributions to invasive species detection and monitoring. Environmental Management, 75, 3721-3735.

Pyšek, P., P.E. Hulme, D. Simberloff, S. Bacher, T.M. Blackburn, J.T. Carlton, W. Dawson, F. Essl, L.C. Foxcroft, P. Genovesi, J.M. Jeschke et al. (2020): Sci-entists’ warning on invasive alien species. Biological Reviews, 95, 1511-1534.

Ramos-Pérez, P., J.I. Quispe-Becerra, J.A. Oliver, C. Marcos, A. Pérez-Ruzafa & A. Fernández-Alías (2025): Colonization of the Mediterranean Sea by the Lessepsian invasive jellyfish Cassiopea andromeda (Forskål, 1775) – a systematic review. Mediterranean Marine Science, 26(3), 714-730.

Rowe, C.E., S.T. Ahyong, W.F. Figueira, I. Burghardt & S.J. Keable (2025): Identification of Cassiopea sp. in Lake Macquarie, Australia and revision of the taxonomic status of Cassiopea maremetens Gershwin, Zeidler & Davie, 2010 (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa: Cassio-peidae). PeerJ, 13, e19669.

Schembri, P.J., A. Deidun & P.J. Vella (2010): First record of Cassiopea andromeda (Scyphozoa: Rhizos-tomeae: Cassiopeidae) from the central Mediterranean Sea. Marine Biodiversity Records, 3, e6.

Stock, A., L.B. Crowder, B.S. Halpern & F. Micheli (2018): Uncertainty analysis and robust areas of high and low modeled human impact on the global oceans. Conservation Biology, 32(6), 1368-1379.

Thé, J., E. Gamero-Mora, M.V. Chagas da Silva, A.C. Morandini, S. Rossi & M. de Oliveira Soares (2021): Non-indigenous upside-down jellyfish Cassio-pea andromeda in shrimp farms (Brazil). Aquaculture, 532, 735999.

Thé, J., M. Mammone, S. Piraino, A. Pennetta, G.E. De Benedetto, T.M. Garcia, M. de Oliveira Soares & S. Rossi (2023): Understanding Cassiopea andromeda (Scyphozoa) invasiveness in different habitats: a mul-tiple biomarker comparison. Water, 15, 2599.

Tiralongo, F., F. Crocetta, E. Riginella, A.O. Lillo, E. Tondo, A. Macali, E. Mancini, F. Russo, S. Coco, G. Paolillo & E. Azzurro (2020): Snapshot of rare, exotic and overlooked fish species in the Italian seas: a citizen science survey. Journal of Sea Research, 164, 101930.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.